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Thomas Preston (monk)
Thomas Preston (1563 – 3 April 1640)〔The recent biography by dom Anselm Cramer gives the life-dates as 1567-1647, and shows that Preston's birth name was Roland, 'Thomas' being his name in religion. See Anselm Cramer, ‘Preston, Roland (1567–1647)’, ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', (Oxford University Press, 2004).〕 was an English Benedictine monk. He is now remembered for his writings on the side of James I of England in the allegiance oath controversy.
==Life==
He studied in the English College, Rome, where he was taught by Gabriel Vasquez.〔dom Bennet Weldon, ''Chronological Notes containing the Rise, Growth and Present State of the English Congregation of the Order of St Benedict'' (Stanbrook, 1881), (p. 40 (Archive) ).〕 He joined the Benedictine Order at Monte Cassino in 1590. Following the decree granted by the Inquisition and confirmed by Clement VIII in 1602 for a mission to the Benedictines in England, Preston and Anselm Beech were sent to England in the spring of 1603.〔Ethelred L. Taunton (the Revd.), ''The English Black Monks of St Benedict. A sketch of their history from the coming of St Augustine to the present day'', 2 Vols (John C. Nimmo, London 1897), II, pp. 22-24.〕 They landed at Great Yarmouth and made contact with Sigebert Buckley, last survivor of the monks of St. Peter, Westminster, who had recently been released from imprisonment in Framlingham.〔Anthony Marett-Crosby, ‘Buckley, Robert (1516/17–1610)’, ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' (Oxford University Press, 2004).〕 They lived with Buckley, who by letters of 1607 and 1609〔Taunton, ''The English Black Monks of St Benedict'', II, pp. 80-83.〕 granted and confirmed to them authority to admit brethren to membership of the monastery and Congregation of which he had been the only surviving representative. To Preston, already the superior of the English of the Congregation of Monte Cassino, he entrusted the care of the English Congregation.〔H.Connolly, 'The Buckley Affair', in ''Downside Review'' 30 (1931) 49-74. J. Stevens, 'The Revival of the English Congregation of Benedictin Monks after the Suppression of the Religious Orders in England' in ''The History of the Antient Abbeys, Monasteries, Hospitals, Cathedral and Collegiate Churches, being two additional volumes to Sir William Dugdale's Monasticon Anglicanum'' (London 1722), I, pp. 181-84, (at p. 182 (Google books) ).〕 Buckley died in 1610.〔Weldon, ''Chronological Notes'', pp. 46, 76.〕 Meanwhile Preston had been indicted as a priest, and was soon afterwards imprisoned.
Expelled from England three years later, he took part at Rheims in the negotiations for the union of the English monks of Monte Cassino, Valladolid, and the old English Congregation.〔Weldon, ''Chronological Notes'', pp. 94-95: Taunton, ''The English Black Monks of St Benedict'', II, pp. 85-87.〕 He returned to England and was again imprisoned, first in The Clink in Southwark, and later in Croydon Palace of the Archbishop of Canterbury.〔
Preston passed much of the rest of his life in prison. He died in The Clink prison, 5 April 1640. In one prison or another he wrote, under the assumed name of Widdrington, several works treating of the oath of allegiance.〔The terms of the oath are given by Taunton, ''The English Black Monks of St Benedict'', II, pp. 103-04, note 2.〕 Weldon〔Weldon, ''Chronological Notes'', p. 180.〕 says that Preston "evermore disowned" the books written under the name of Widdrington, but there is no doubt that he was the author of them.〔Doubt over the identification is mentioned by E.L. Taunton, ''The English Black Monks of St Benedict'', II, (p. 108 (Archive) ).〕 Towards the end of his life, however, he seems to have altered his views, or at any rate to have made full submission on the question of the oath to the authorities of Rome.〔〔Weldon says 'he maintained a bad cause too well, which upon better considerations he afterwards detested', ''Chronological Notes'', p. 40.〕
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